Circular multi-party quantum private comparison with n-level single-particle states

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new multi-party quantum private comparison protocol using n-level single-particle states, enabling secure and efficient equality checks while protecting each party's secret from others and external attackers.

Contribution

It presents a novel circular MQPC protocol with n-level qudits that enhances security and efficiency in multi-party quantum secret comparison.

Findings

Protocol resists outside and participant attacks

Secrets remain confidential from other parties and third party

Comparison completed in a single protocol execution

Abstract

In this paper, a novel multi-party quantum private comparison (MQPC) protocol for equality comparison with n-level single-particle states is constructed, where the encoded particles are transmitted in a circular way. Here, n parties employ the qudit shifting operation to encode their private secrets and can compare the equality of their private secrets within one time execution of protocol. The proposed MQPC protocol can overcome both the outside attack and the participant attack. Specially, each party's secret can be kept unknown to other parties and the third party (TP).