Local unitary equivalence of generic multi-qubits based on the CP decomposition

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method using CP decomposition to determine local unitary equivalence of multi-qubit states, providing a complete criterion for tripartite states and extending to multi-partite qudits.

Contribution

It develops a new approach based on CP decomposition to analyze local unitary equivalence, offering a necessary and sufficient condition for tripartite states and invariants for multi-partite qudits.

Findings

Established a criterion for local unitary equivalence of 3-qubit states.

Constructed invariants for local unitary equivalence of multi-partite qudits.

Extended the CP decomposition method to higher-order tensors in quantum states.

Abstract

The CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition is a generalization of the spectral decomposition of matrices to higher-order tensors. In this paper we use the CP decomposition to study unitary equivalence of higher order tensors and construct several invariants of local unitary equivalence for general higher order tensors. Based on this new method, we study the coefficient tensors of $3$-qubit states and obtain a necessary and sufficient criterion for local unitary equivalence of general tripartite states in terms of the CP decomposition. We also generalize this method to obtain some invariants of local unitary equivalence for general multi-partite qudits.