Measure-resend semi-quantum private comparison without entanglement

TL;DR

This paper introduces a semi-quantum private comparison protocol that uses simple product states and single-photon measurements, enhancing practicality and security without relying on entanglement.

Contribution

The protocol is novel in utilizing two-particle product states and requiring only single-photon measurements, simplifying implementation compared to previous entanglement-based methods.

Findings

Protocol guarantees correctness and security against external and participant attacks.

Uses only two-particle product states, avoiding complex entanglement operations.

Compatible with current quantum technologies.

Abstract

In this paper, we successfully design the semi-quantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol with the measure-resend characteristic by using two-particle product states as the initial prepared quantum resource which allows two classical users to compare the equality of their private secrets under the help of a quantum third party (TP). The quantum TP is semi-honest in the sense that he is allowed to misbehave on his own but cannot conspire with either of users. Both the output correctness and the security against the outside attack and the participant attack can be guaranteed. Compared with the previous SQPC protocols, the advantage of our protocol lies in that it only employs two-particle product states as the initial prepared quantum resource, only requires TP to perform single-photon measurements and does not need quantum entanglement swapping. Our protocol can be realized with current quantum technologies.