Billiard-ball paradox for a quantum wave packet

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantum version of the billiard-ball paradox involving a wave packet passing through a wormhole time machine, comparing solutions from Deutsch's and postselected teleportation prescriptions.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum circuit model for the paradox, analyzing self-consistent solutions under different CTC prescriptions and exploring continuum limit convergence methods.

Findings

Deutsch's prescription yields mixed states with all configurations.

P-CTCs predict pure states with binomial coefficient weights.

Regularization is needed for convergence in D-CTCs.

Abstract

Past studies of the billiard-ball paradox, a problem involving an object that travels back in time along a closed timelike curve (CTC), typically concern themselves with entirely classical histories, whereby any trajectorial effects associated with quantum mechanics cannot manifest. Here we develop a quantum version of the paradox, wherein a (semiclassical) wave packet evolves through a region containing a wormhole time machine. This is accomplished by mapping all relevant paths on to a quantum circuit, in which the distinction of the various paths is facilitated by representing the billiard particle with a clock state. For this model, we find that Deutsch's prescription (D-CTCs) provides self-consistent solutions in the form of a mixed state composed of terms which represent every possible configuration of the particle's evolution through the circuit. In the equivalent circuit picture (ECP), this reduces to a binomial distribution in the number of loops of time machine. The postselected teleportation prescription (P-CTCs) on the other hand predicts a pure-state solution in which the loop counts have binomial coefficient weights. We then discuss the model in the continuum limit, with a particular focus on the various methods one may employ in order to guarantee convergence in the average number of clock evolutions. Specifically, for D-CTCs, we find that it is necessary to regularise the theory's parameters, while P-CTCs alternatively require more contrived modification.