Semiquantum private comparison based on Bell states without quantum measurements from the classical user

TL;DR

This paper introduces a semiquantum private comparison protocol using Bell states that allows a quantum and a classical user to compare private data securely without complex quantum operations, improving efficiency and noise resilience.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel SQPC protocol based on Bell states that reduces quantum measurement requirements and enhances efficiency compared to previous methods.

Findings

Protocol resists internal and external attacks.

Requires only Bell basis measurements by the quantum user.

Can be extended to noisy quantum channels.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel semiquantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol based on Bell states, which enables one quantum user and one classical user to compare the equality of their private inputs with the help of a semi-honest quantum third party (TP). TP is assumed to be semi-honest in the sense that she may take all possible attacks to steal users' private inputs except conspiring with anyone. The security analysis validates that our protocol can resist not only the attacks from internal participants but also the attacks from an external eavesdropper. Besides, our protocol only asks TP to perform Bell basis measurements but doesn't need quantum entanglement swapping; and it releases the classical user from conducting quantum measurements and having a quantum memory. Moreover, our protocol can take advantage over previous SQPC protocols based on Bell states in qubit efficiency. Finally, our protocol can be generalized into its counterpart of the collective-dephasing noise quantum channel.