Near-optimal Algorithms for Stochastic Online Bin Packing

TL;DR

This paper develops near-optimal algorithms for stochastic online bin packing, providing a polynomial-time algorithm that is asymptotically optimal under the i.i.d. model and improving competitive ratios in the random-order model, including special cases.

Contribution

It introduces a meta-algorithm for online bin packing that achieves near-optimal competitiveness under the i.i.d. model and improves bounds for special cases in the random-order model.

Findings

Polynomial-time $(1+ ext{epsilon})$-competitive algorithm for i.i.d. model

Best-Fit algorithm is optimal (ratio 1) for the special case with item sizes > 1/3

Breaks the 3/2 competitive ratio barrier for the 3-Partition case

Abstract

We study the online bin packing problem under two stochastic settings. In the bin packing problem, we are given n items with sizes in (0,1] and the goal is to pack them into the minimum number of unit-sized bins. First, we study bin packing under the i.i.d. model, where item sizes are sampled independently and identically from a distribution in (0,1]. Both the distribution and the total number of items are unknown. The items arrive one by one and their sizes are revealed upon their arrival and they must be packed immediately and irrevocably in bins of size 1. We provide a simple meta-algorithm that takes an offline $\alpha$-asymptotic approximation algorithm and provides a polynomial-time $(\alpha + \varepsilon)$-competitive algorithm for online bin packing under the i.i.d. model, where $\varepsilon$>0 is a small constant. Using the AFPTAS for offline bin packing, we thus provide a linear time $(1+\varepsilon)$-competitive algorithm for online bin packing under i.i.d. model, thus settling the problem. We then study the random-order model, where an adversary specifies the items, but the order of arrival of items is drawn uniformly at random from the set of all permutations of the items. Kenyon's seminal result [SODA'96] showed that the Best-Fit algorithm has a competitive ratio of at most 3/2 in the random-order model, and conjectured the ratio to be around 1.15. However, it has been a long-standing open problem to break the barrier of 3/2 even for special cases. Recently, Albers et al. [Algorithmica'21] showed an improvement to 5/4 competitive ratio in the special case when all the item sizes are greater than 1/3. For this special case, we settle the analysis by showing that Best-Fit has a competitive ratio of 1. We make further progress by breaking the barrier of 3/2 for the 3-Partition problem, a notoriously hard special case of bin packing, where all item sizes lie in (1/4,1/2].