Analytical Modeling of Electromagnetic Rotation in Nonreciprocal Media

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical model to explain electromagnetic rotation phenomena like Faraday and Kerr effects in nonreciprocal media, emphasizing the role of broken time reversal symmetry and validating the model against reported data.

Contribution

It introduces a fundamental analytical framework for understanding electromagnetic rotation in nonreciprocal media, incorporating detailed mathematical derivations for Faraday and Kerr effects.

Findings

Model accurately predicts Faraday and Kerr rotation angles.

Excellent agreement with reported experimental data.

Provides a robust theoretical basis for nonreciprocal electromagnetic phenomena.

Abstract

Reciprocity is a fundamental principle follows the time reversal symmetry of physics. However, many practical applications require breaking time reversal symmetry, hence, are called nonreciprocal. This article aims at discussing time reversal symmetry, developing fundamental building block to achieve nonreciprocity leading to robust analytical model to explain electromagnetic rotation upon propagation through nonreciprocal medium. Detailed mathematical derivation is presented for Faraday and Kerr rotation in the presence of external bias which breaks time reversal symmetry and leads to achieve nonreciprocal system. We validate our proposed model for conventional conditions and we compute the Faraday and Kerr rotation from a reported article using our proposed mathematical model and observed excellent agreement.