The $\kappa$-model, a minimal model alternative to dark matter. Application to the galactic rotation problem

TL;DR

The paper introduces the ppa-model, a minimal alternative to dark matter, which explains galactic rotation curves by environmental effects, showing equivalence with MOND and challenging the dark matter paradigm.

Contribution

It proposes the ppa-model as a novel, environment-based approach to galactic dynamics, offering an alternative to dark matter and establishing equivalence with MOND.

Findings

ppa-model can mimic MOND effects in galaxy rotation

The model offers an environment-dependent explanation for gravitational phenomena

It questions the necessity of dark matter in explaining galactic rotation

Abstract

The determination of the velocities, accelerations and the gravitational field intensity at a given location in a galaxy could potentially be achieved in an unexpected manner with the environment of the observer, for instance, the local mean mass density in the galaxy. This idea, mathematically supported by the asymmetric distance concept, is illustrated here by a study regarding the rotation of spiral galaxies. This suggestion is new in the astrophysics field (in the following, it is called the \k{appa}-model) and could help to mimic the main effects seen in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theory, modified gravity (MOG) models, or other related models built with the aim of eliminating dark matter that are already well-established theories. Thus, starting from two selected examples of galaxies, in section 5, we show that there is an equivalence between MOND and the \k{appa}-model. In particular, on the opposite side, we have the speculative nature of the dominant paradigm, the elusive dark matter, a matter whose properties always remain undefined despite intense theoretical, experimental and observational efforts for over 50 years.