Quality Assessment of the 20m SPOT DEM in Nigeria

TL;DR

This study evaluates the vertical accuracy of the 20m SPOT DEM in Nigeria, revealing it performs better than global accuracy claims and varies with land cover types, with implications for its broader application.

Contribution

The paper provides a localized accuracy assessment of the 20m SPOT DEM in Nigeria, highlighting its performance across different land covers and spatial patterns.

Findings

DEM has RMSE of 2.33m in Lagos and 3.69m in FCT.

Heights over bare lands are most accurate; built-up areas are least.

DEM accuracy exceeds its global accuracy specifications.

Abstract

The 20m SPOT DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was acquired by the Office of the Surveyor-General of the Federation (OSGoF) in Nigeria for use in topographic mapping. A localized assessment of the DEM is needed to validate its stated accuracies as it is well known that the vertical accuracy of global DEMs varies in different landscape contexts. Hence, this study assessed the quality of the DEM in variable land cover types by comparing its heights against 780 Ground Control Points (GCPs) in Lagos State and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The pattern of distribution of the height differences was analysed using spatial autocorrelation analysis, including other accuracy metrics employed. In the general accuracy assessment, the DEM yielded root mean square errors of 2.33m in Lagos and 3.69m in the FCT. It was shown that heights over the bare lands were the most accurately represented on the DEM while heights over built-up areas are the least accurate at both locations. Despite this, the SPOT DEM accuracies in the varying land cover types surpassed its stated global accuracy. While the spatial distribution of low and high height differences in Lagos State showed clustering, the converse was the case in the FCT. Following this assessment, it is recommended that the country should extend the application scope of the DEM in order to exploit its utility to the maximum.