Critical Window of The Symmetric Perceptron

TL;DR

This paper proves that the symmetric binary perceptron exhibits a nearly sharp phase transition with a critical window of at most logarithmic size, significantly refining previous bounds and providing exponential tail bounds.

Contribution

It establishes that the critical window for the symmetric perceptron is at most O(log n), nearly the sharpest possible transition, with rigorous bounds and tail estimates.

Findings

Critical window is at most O(log n) in size.

CSP satisfiability sharply transitions at the critical density.

Provides exponential tail bounds for the transition.

Abstract

We study the critical window of the symmetric binary perceptron, or equivalently, combinatorial discrepancy. Consider the problem of finding a binary vector $\sigma$ satisfying $\|A\sigma\|_\infty \le K$, where $A$ is an $\alpha n \times n$ matrix with iid Gaussian entries. For fixed $K$, at which densities $\alpha$ is this constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) satisfiable? A sharp threshold was recently established by Perkins and Xu, and Abbe, Li, and Sly , answering this to first order. Namely, for each $K$ there exists an explicit critical density $\alpha_c$ so that for any fixed $\epsilon > 0$, with high probability the CSP is satisfiable for $\alpha n < (\alpha_c - \epsilon ) n$ and unsatisfiable for $\alpha n > (\alpha_c + \epsilon) n$. This corresponds to a bound of $o(n)$ on the size of the critical window. We sharpen these results significantly, as well as provide exponential tail bounds. Our main result is that, perhaps surprisingly, the critical window is actually at most $O(\log n)$. More precisely, with high probability the CSP is satisfiable for $\alpha n < \alpha_c n -O(\log n)$ and unsatisfiable for any $\alpha n > \alpha_c n + \omega(1)$. This implies the symmetric perceptron has nearly the "sharpest possible transition," adding it to a short list of CSP for which the critical window is rigorously known to be of near-constant width.