Quantum dialogue without information leakage based on the entanglement swapping between any two Bell states and the shared secret Bell state

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum dialogue protocol leveraging entanglement swapping between Bell states and a shared secret Bell state to prevent information leakage and enhance security against active attacks.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum dialogue protocol combining entanglement swapping and shared secret states to improve security and prevent information leakage.

Findings

Protocol resists general active attacks from eavesdroppers

Derived relation between Eve's information gain and detection probability

Uses Bell states for secure information transmission

Abstract

In order to avoid the risk of information leakage during the information mutual transmission between two authorized participants, i.e., Alice and Bob, a quantum dialogue protocol based on the entanglement swapping between any two Bell states and the shared secret Bell state is proposed. The proposed protocol integrates the ideas of block transmission, two-step transmission and unitary operation encoding together using the Bell states as the information carriers. Besides the entanglement swapping between any two Bell states, a shared secret Bell state is also used to overcome the information leakage problem, which not only makes Bob aware of the prepared initial state but also is used for Bob's encoding and entanglement swapping. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can resist the general active attacks from an outside eavesdropper Eve. Moreover, the relation between the maximal amount of information Eve can gain and the detection probability is derived.