Generation of Josephson vortices in stacked toroidal Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper proposes methods to generate and observe Josephson vortices in coupled toroidal Bose-Einstein condensates, enabling exploration of superflow interactions and related quantum phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces experimentally feasible techniques to create states with different topological charges in coupled ring-shaped condensates, facilitating direct observation of Josephson vortices.

Findings

Methods for preparing states with different topological charges

Proposal for observing rotational Josephson vortices

Potential to study superflow interactions in BECs

Abstract

Coupled coaxially stacked toroidal condensates with persistent currents suggest an appealing physical platform for the investigation of various phenomena related to interacting superflows from Josephson effects in the regime of weak interactions to the quantum Kelvin-Helmholtz instability for merging rings. We suggest experimentally accessible methods to prepare states with different topological charges in two coupled coaxial ring-shaped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Our results open up the way to direct observation of rotational Josephson vortices in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates.