Dynamics of a Pair of Overlapping Polar Bright Solitons in Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the complex dynamics of overlapping polar bright solitons in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing phenomena like Josephson oscillations, domain walls, and phase-dependent soliton transformations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the interplay between population and spin densities in overlapping solitons, highlighting new behaviors in spinor condensates compared to scalar cases.

Findings

Overlapping polar solitons form four ferromagnetic solitons regardless of initial phase.

Population dynamics show Josephson-like oscillations in the absence of spin-changing collisions.

Final soliton states depend on the ratio of spin-dependent to spin-independent interactions.

Abstract

We analyze the dynamics of both population and spin densities, emerging from the spatial overlap between two distinct polar bright solitons in Spin-1 Spinor Condensates. The dynamics of overlapping solitons in scalar condensates exhibits soliton fusion, atomic switching from one soliton to another and repulsive dynamics depending on the extent of overlap and the relative phase between the solitons. The scalar case also helps us understand the dynamics of the vector solitons. In the spinor case, non-trivial dynamics emerge in spatial and spin degrees of freedom. In the absence of spin changing collisions, we observe Josephson-like oscillations in the population dynamics of each spin component. In this case, the population dynamics is independent of the relative phase, but the dynamics of the spin-density vector depends on it. The latter also witnesses the appearance of oscillating domain walls. The pair of overlapping polar solitons emerge as four ferromagnetic solitons irrespective of the initial phase difference for identical spin-dependent and spin-independent interaction strengths. But the dynamics of final solitons depends explicitly on the relative phase. Depending on the ratio of spin-dependent and spin-independent interaction strengths, a pair of oscillatons can also emerge as the final state. Then, increasing the extent of overlap may lead to the simultaneous formation of both a stationary ferromagnetic soltion and a pair of oscillatons depending on the relative phase.