Theoretical Study of the Enhancement of Light Saturation Phenomena of Krypton at Critical Ionization Photon Energies

TL;DR

This study investigates the enhancement of light saturation phenomena in krypton at specific photon energies near inner orbital energies, using theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to understand ionization pathways and hollow atom formation.

Contribution

It identifies critical photon energies for krypton saturation phenomena and models ionization processes with optimized photon flux, providing new insights into hollow atom generation at medium and high charge states.

Findings

High ratio of hollow atoms at critical energies

Smooth positional change indicating different ionization modes

Better alignment of theoretical data with experimental results

Abstract

By calculating the correlation between the total photoionization cross-section of the ground state of the Kr atom and photon energy, three particular photon energies close to the near inner orbital energy of 1.75 keV, 1.90 keV, and 14.30 keV are determined in this work. The dynamical simulation under 17.50 keV photon energy in the experimental conditions is achieved by implementing the Monte Carlo method and optimizing the photon flux modeling parameters. As a result, our calculated data are more consistent with the experimental phenomena. The light saturation phenomenon of Kr at 1.75 keV, 1.90 keV, 14.30 keV, and 17.50 keV energies is further calculated and researched using the optimized photon flux model theory. We statistically compare the main ionization paths under those four specific photon energies and calculate the population changes of various hollow atoms. The results demonstrate that the ratio of hollow atoms produced at the critical ionization photon energy is high. Furthermore, the change of position is smooth, showing the significant difference between the generation mode of ions with low photon energy and those with high photon energy, which has important reference significance for studying hollow atoms with medium and high charge states.