Optical microscope based universal parameter for identifying layer number in two-dimensional materials

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal optical method using RGB and RAW images to accurately identify the layer number in 2D materials, independent of imaging system variations, supported by a Fresnel model and a MATLAB tool.

Contribution

It presents a novel, system-independent optical contrast technique for layer identification in 2D materials, validated by experiments and a theoretical model.

Findings

RGB intensity slope correlates with layer number

RAW image intensity ratios are system independent

The method accelerates 2D material characterization

Abstract

Optical contrast is the most common preliminary method to identify layer number of two-dimensional (2D) materials, but is seldom used as a confirmatory technique. We explain the reason for variation of optical contrast between imaging systems. We introduce a universal method to quantify the layer number using the RGB (red-green-blue) and RAW optical images. For RGB images, the slope of 2D flake (MoS2, WSe2, graphene) intensity vs. substrate intensity is extracted from optical images with varying lamp power. The intensity slope identifies layer number and is system independent. For RAW images, intensity slopes and intensity ratios are completely system and intensity independent. Intensity slope (for RGB) and intensity ratio (for RAW) are thus universal parameters for identifying layer number. A Fresnel-reflectance-based optical model provides an excellent match with experiments. Further, we have created a MATLAB-based graphical user interface that can identify layer number rapidly. This technique is expected to accelerate the preparation of heterostructures, and fulfil a prolonged need for universal optical contrast method.