Role of Hydrodynamic Drainage in Adhesion to Wet Surfaces

TL;DR

This study investigates how the surface structure of tree frog toe pads, especially channels, influences hydrodynamic drainage forces and adhesion on wet surfaces, using force measurements and theoretical comparisons.

Contribution

It provides experimental evidence on how channels in toe pads reduce drainage forces and adhesion, highlighting the role of surface structure in wet surface adhesion mechanisms.

Findings

Channels reduce hydrodynamic drainage forces during approach.

Channels decrease adhesion during retraction.

Comparison with Reynolds theory suggests deformation effects.

Abstract

Tree frogs possess soft structured toe pads with channels that help squeeze out fluid from the region between the toe pad and the contacting surfaces. This structure enables them to walk on wet and rough surfaces. We present our preliminary result aiming at understanding the role of surface structure on hydrodynamic drainage forces. We have used the surface forces apparatus to measure the drainage forces (approach and retraction) in silicone oil. We compare the drainage force measured between two smooth PMMA surfaces with the one measure when one of the two surfaces has a structure with channels. We have observed that the presence of channels reduces the hydrodynamic drainage forces when the surfaces come together and reduces the adhesion when the surfaces are pulled apart. Our force measurements were compared to Reynolds theory and we discuss the possible role of elastohydrodynamic deformation in tree frog adhesion.