The dynamics of front propagation in nonlocal reaction-diffusion equations

TL;DR

This paper studies the long-term behavior of solutions to nonlocal reaction-diffusion equations, revealing different asymptotic invasion front dynamics, including linear and logarithmic corrections, with implications for biological invasions and epidemic spread models.

Contribution

It provides a complete, unified analysis of the asymptotic behavior of solutions, including new results on logarithmic correction terms in front propagation.

Findings

Invasion fronts can be asymptotically linear with exponential corrections.

In some cases, the correction term is logarithmic in time.

The methods apply to multidimensional models of biological invasions and epidemics.

Abstract

The question addressed here is the long time evolution of the solutions to a class of one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations, in which the diffusion is given by an integral operator. The underlying motivation, discussed in the first chapter, is the mathematical analysis of models for biological invasions. The model under study, while simple looking, is of current use in real life situations. Interestingly, it arises in totally different contexts, such as the study of branching random walks in probability theory. While the model under study has attracted a lot of attention, and while many partial results about the time asymptotic behaviour of its solutions have been proved over the last decades, some basic questions on the sharp asymptotics have remained unanswered. One ambition of this monograph is to close these gaps and to provide a complete and unified treatment of the equation. In some of the situations that we envisage, the level sets organise themselves into an invasion front that is asymptotically linear in time, up to a correction that converges exponentially in time to a constant. In other situations, that constitute the main and newest part of the work, the correction is asymptotically logarithmic in time. Despite these apparent different behaviours, there is an underlying common way of thinking in the study of all these situations. The ideas presented in the book apply to more elaborate systems modelling biological invasions or the spatial propagation of epidemics. The models themselves may be multidimensional, but they all have in common a mechanism imposing the propagation in a given direction; examples are presented the problems that conclude each chapter. These ideas should also be useful in the treatment of further models that we are not able envisage at the time being.