Floquet engineering using pulse driving in a diamond two-level system under a large-amplitude modulation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates Floquet engineering in a diamond NV center using pulse driving, revealing high-order Bessel function dynamics and analyzing limitations due to pulse duration and errors.

Contribution

It provides a systematic experimental and theoretical investigation of Floquet states in NV centers under large-amplitude modulation, extending the understanding of modulation limits.

Findings

Observation of high-order Bessel function dynamics up to 211th order.

Quantitative agreement between experiment and theoretical models.

Identification of pulse duration and errors as limiting factors for modulation amplitude.

Abstract

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a diamond is a promising platform for Floquet engineering. Using the synchronized readout, we investigate the NV center's Floquet state driven by the Carr-Purcell sequence in a large-amplitude AC magnetic field. We observe the dynamics represented as Bessel functions up to 211th orders high in a systematic and quantitative agreement with the theoretical model. Furthermore, numerical calculations show that the effect of finite pulse duration and error limits the modulation amplitude available for Floquet engineering. This work provides an approach to precisely investigate Floquet engineering, showing the extendable range of modulation amplitude for two-level systems.