Lipids and lipid-mixtures in boundary layers: from hydration lubrication to osteoarthritis

TL;DR

This paper reviews how lipid boundary layers, especially hydration layers around phosphatidylcholine, contribute to lubrication in biological joints and explores their potential in treating early osteoarthritis.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular mechanisms of lipid boundary layers and their role in lubrication and joint health, informing future lubricant design.

Findings

Hydration layers enable efficient boundary lubrication at high pressures.

Lipid layers can heal defects during sliding, maintaining lubrication.

Understanding lipid interactions aids in designing intra-articular lubricants.

Abstract

The hydration layer surrounding the phosphocholine headgroups of single-component phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, or of lipid-mixtures, assembled at an interface greatly modifies the interfacial properties and interactions. As water molecules within the hydration layer are held tightly by the headgroup but are nonetheless very fluid upon shear, the boundary lipid layers, exposing the highly hydrated headgroup arrays, can provide efficient boundary lubrication when sliding against an opposing surface, at physiologically-high contact pressures. Additionally, any free lipids in the surrounding liquid can heal defects which may form during sliding on the boundary PC layer. Similar boundary lipid layers contribute to the lubricating, pressure-bearing, and wear-protection functions of healthy articular joints. This review presents a survey of the relationship between the molecular composition of the interfacial complex and the lubrication behavior of the lipid-based boundary layers, which could be beneficial for designing boundary lubricants for intra-articular injection for the treatment of early OA.