On the Viability of Determining Galaxy Properties from Observations I: Star Formation Rates and Kinematics

TL;DR

This study assesses the potential of upcoming ELT observations to accurately determine galaxy properties like star formation rates and kinematics using simulated data, highlighting both capabilities and limitations.

Contribution

It demonstrates the feasibility of recovering key galaxy properties from mock ELT observations and identifies the limitations of dynamical ratios as stability indicators.

Findings

Star formation rates estimated within a factor of 1.81 of true values

Dynamical mass estimated within a factor of 1.38 of true values

Kinematic structures and radial velocity dispersion profiles are recoverable

Abstract

We explore how observations relate to the physical properties of the emitting galaxies by post-processing a pair of merging $z\sim2$ galaxies from the cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation NewHorizon using LCARS (Light from Cloudy Added to RAMSES) to encode the physical properties of the simulated galaxy into H$\alpha$ emission line. By carrying out mock observations and analysis on these data cubes we ascertain which physical properties of the galaxy will be recoverable with the HARMONI spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). We are able to estimate the galaxy's star formation rate and dynamical mass to a reasonable degree of accuracy, with values within a factor of $1.81$ and $1.38$ of the true value. The kinematic structure of the galaxy is also recovered in mock observations. Furthermore, we are able to recover radial profiles of the velocity dispersion and are therefore able to calculate how the dynamical ratio varies as a function of distance from the galaxy centre. Finally, we show that when calculated on galaxy scales the dynamical ratio does not always provide a reliable measure of a galaxy's stability against gravity or act as an indicator of a minor merger.