Antiferromagnetic Spin Orientation and Magnetic Domain Structure in Epitaxially Grown MnN Studied using Optical Second Harmonic Generation

TL;DR

This study uses optical second harmonic generation to determine the magnetic point group and domain structure of epitaxially grown MnN, revealing tilted spin moments and in-plane symmetry axes, advancing understanding of antiferromagnetic order for spintronics.

Contribution

First application of SHG to elucidate the magnetic point group and domain structure in epitaxial MnN, clarifying previous ambiguities and establishing a method for probing antiferromagnetic order.

Findings

Spin moments are tilted from the [001] axis.

Magnetic point group symmetry is 2/m1' with in-plane axes along [100] or [110].

Mean domain size is estimated to be less than 0.65 microns.

Abstract

MnN is a centrosymmetric collinear antiferromagnet belonging to the transition metal nitride family with a high Neel temperature, a low anisotropy field, and a large magnetic moment per Mn atom. Despite several recent experimental and theoretical studies, the spin symmetry (magnetic point group) and magnetic domain structure of the material remain unknown. In this work, we use optical second harmonic generation (SHG) to study the magnetic structure of thin epitaxially-grown single-crystal (001) MnN films. Our work shows that spin moments in MnN are tilted away from the [001] direction and the components of the spin moments in the (001) plane are aligned along one of the two possible in-plane symmetry axes ([100] or [110]) resulting in a magnetic point group symmetry of 2/m1'. Our work rules out magnetic point group symmetries 4/mmm1' and mmm1' that have been previously discussed in the literature. Four different spin domains consistent with the 2/m1' magnetic point group symmetry are possible in MnN. A statistical model based on the observed variations in the polarization-dependent intensity of the second harmonic signal collected over large sample areas puts an upper bound of 0.65 microns on the mean domain size. Our results show that SHG can be used to probe the magnetic order in metallic antiferromagnets. This work is expected to contribute to the recent efforts in using antiferromagnets for spintronic applications.