CDF II $W$-mass anomaly faces first-order electroweak phase transition

TL;DR

This paper proposes a combined approach using gravitational-wave and collider data to test models beyond the Standard Model that explain the CDF II W-mass anomaly and predict observable first-order electroweak phase transitions.

Contribution

It introduces a methodology to simultaneously probe W-mass anomalies and phase transitions using GW and collider experiments, exemplified by an extended Standard Model with an additional scalar triplet.

Findings

A strong electroweak FOPT can occur with the W-mass shift.

Predicted GW signals are within reach of future space-based detectors.

Triplet mass scale is around TeV, consistent with the anomaly.

Abstract

We suggest an appealing strategy to probe a large class of scenarios beyond the Standard Model simultaneously explaining the recent CDF II measurement of the $W$ boson mass and predicting first-order phase transitions (FOPT) testable in future gravitational-wave (GW) experiments. Our analysis deploys measurements from the GW channels and high energy particle colliders. We discuss this methodology focusing on the specific example provided by an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that incorporates an additional scalar $\mathrm{SU}(2)_{\rm L}$ triplet coupled to the Higgs boson. We show that within this scenario a strong electroweak FOPT is naturally realised consistently with the measured $W$ boson mass-shift. Potentially observable GW signatures imply the triplet mass scale to be TeV-ish, consistently with the value preferred by the $W$ mass anomaly. This model can be tested in future space-based interferometers such as LISA, DECIGO, BBO, TianQin, TAIJI projects and in future colliders such as FCC, ILC, CEPC.