A novel two-party semiquantum key distribution protocol based on GHZ-like states

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new two-party semiquantum key distribution protocol using GHZ-like states, enabling secure key sharing between a quantum and a classical party without a third party or complex operations.

Contribution

It presents a novel SQKD protocol that simplifies implementation by avoiding Hadamard gates and entanglement swapping, while ensuring security against various attacks.

Findings

Protocol successfully resists Trojan horse attacks

Secure key distribution between quantum and classical parties

No need for third-party involvement or complex quantum gates

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel two-party semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol by only employing one kind of GHZ-like state. The proposed SQKD protocol can create a private key shared between one quantum party with unlimited quantum abilities and one classical party with limited quantum abilities without the existence of a third party. The proposed SQKD protocol doesn't need the Hadamard gate or quantum entanglement swapping. Detailed security analysis turns out that the proposed SQKD protocol can resist various famous attacks from an outside eavesdropper, such as the Trojan horse attacks, the entangle-measure attack, the double CNOT attacks, the measure-resend attack and the intercept-resend attack.