Topological contribution to magnetism in the Kane-Mele model: An explicit wave function approach

TL;DR

This paper provides a detailed wave function-based analysis of magnetic contributions in the Kane-Mele model, confirming the quantization of the orbital-Zeeman cross term and exploring its behavior across different electronic phases.

Contribution

It introduces a new explicit wave function approach to accurately evaluate magnetic contributions in the Kane-Mele model, including effects over the entire Brillouin zone.

Findings

Confirmed quantization of the orbital-Zeeman cross term.

Identified additional contributions like core-electron diamagnetism.

Analyzed the behavior of the cross term in metallic and insulating phases.

Abstract

In our previous publication [S. Ozaki and M. Ogata, Phys. Rev. Research 3, 013058], the quantization of the orbital-Zeeman (OZ) cross term in the magnetic susceptibility, or the cross term of spin Zeeman and orbital effect, was shown for the Kane-Mele model using the expansion around the Dirac points. In the present study, we accurately evaluate the orbital, spin-Zeeman, and OZ cross term of the Kane-Mele model using a recently developed formulation. This formula is written in terms of the explicit Bloch wave functions, and enables us to evaluate each contribution taking account of the integration over the whole Brillouin zone and the summation over all the bands. As a result, additional contributions such as core-electron diamagnetism are found. Furthermore, our evaluation confirms the quantization of the OZ cross term and reveals its behavior including the metallic case. The possibility of experimental detection of the quantization is discussed.