Genuinely Multipartite Entanglement vias Shallow Quantum Circuits

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that all genuinely multipartite entangled states in finite-dimensional spaces can be generated by extremely shallow quantum circuits, providing new insights into quantum entanglement and quantum networks.

Contribution

It proves the generation of multipartite entanglement with 2-layer shallow quantum circuits and introduces a semi-device-independent entanglement model based on local connection abilities.

Findings

Genuinely multipartite entanglement can be generated by 2-layer shallow circuits.

A hierarchy for distinguishing multipartite entangled states is established.

Reveals a different form of multipartite nonlocality from quantum network entanglement.

Abstract

Multipartite entanglement is of important resources for quantum communication and quantum computation. Our goal in this paper is to characterize general multipartite entangled states according to shallow quantum circuits. We firstly prove any genuinely multipartite entanglement on finite-dimensional spaces can be generated by using 2-layer shallow quantum circuit consisting of two biseparable quantum channels, which the smallest nontrivial circuit depth in the shallow quantum circuit model. We further propose a semi-device-independent entanglement model depending on the local connection ability in the second layer of quantum circuits. This implies a complete hierarchy of distinguishing genuinely multipartite entangled states. It shows a completely different multipartite nonlocality from the quantum network entanglement. These results show new insights for the multipartite entanglement, quantum network, and measurement-based quantum computation.