One hundred second bit-flip time in a two-photon dissipative oscillator

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a two-photon dissipative oscillator with a record bit-flip time of approximately 100 seconds, significantly advancing the stability of quantum information encoding in oscillator states.

Contribution

The authors design a Josephson circuit and employ fluorescence detection to achieve unprecedented bit-flip times in a two-photon dissipative oscillator, surpassing previous millisecond-range results.

Findings

Achieved ~100 seconds bit-flip time for two-photon states with ~40 photons.

Demonstrated stability of quantum states in a dissipative oscillator.

Established a foundation for developing logical qubits with intrinsic protection.

Abstract

Current implementations of quantum bits (qubits) continue to undergo too many errors to be scaled into useful quantum machines. An emerging strategy is to encode quantum information in the two meta-stable pointer states of an oscillator exchanging pairs of photons with its environment, a mechanism shown to provide stability without inducing decoherence. Adding photons in these states increases their separation, and macroscopic bit-flip times are expected even for a handful of photons, a range suitable to implement a qubit. However, previous experimental realizations have saturated in the millisecond range. In this work, we aim for the maximum bit-flip time we could achieve in a two-photon dissipative oscillator. To this end, we design a Josephson circuit in a regime that circumvents all suspected dynamical instabilities, and employ a minimally invasive fluorescence detection tool, at the cost of a two-photon exchange rate dominated by single-photon loss. We attain bit-flip times of the order of 100 seconds for states pinned by two-photon dissipation and containing about 40 photons. This experiment lays a solid foundation from which the two-photon exchange rate can be gradually increased, thus gaining access to the preparation and measurement of quantum superposition states, and pursuing the route towards a logical qubit with built-in bit-flip protection.