Electric field-induced domain wall motion in spin spiral multiferroics

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electric fields can induce domain wall motion in spiral multiferroic magnets, combining a simplified theoretical model with atomistic simulations to reveal the dynamics and control mechanisms of chiral domain walls.

Contribution

It introduces a simplified variational model for electric field-driven domain wall motion in spiral magnets and validates it with atomistic spin dynamics simulations, advancing understanding of electric control in multiferroics.

Findings

Domain wall speed depends linearly on external electric field.

System geometry and domain structure influence wall motion.

Electric control of magnetism is feasible in spiral multiferroics.

Abstract

Switching in magnetic materials gives rise to rich physical phenomena and lies at the heart of their technological applications. Although domain wall motion in ferro- and antiferromagnets has been studied, in spiral magnets it is still poorly understood despite 20 years of active research since the discovery of spiral multiferroics. The problem of the domain wall motion in a spiral magnet is a compelling one, the more so the magnetic domain walls in cycloidal spiral phase are also ferroelectric, thus enabling electric control of magnetism, i.e. domain wall motion under the action of an external electric field. Phase transition to a spiral phase leads to a formation of chiral domains with opposite spin rotation senses, that are separated by chiral domain walls. Spiral order breaks inversion symmetry and induces a ferroelectric polarization, whose sign is determined by the chirality of the domain. Thus the spiral order allows for the manipulation of spins via an external electric field. Here we study domain wall motion in magnets with spiral ground state, that are the most basic non-collinear magnets. We formulate a simplified variational model and derive the equation of motion for the domain wall driven by an external electric field. The results are corroborated with atomistic spin dynamics simulations. The results suggest a linear dependence of the wall speed on the external electric field, and a peculiar dependence on the system geometry and domain structure.