Revisiting the evidences for spectral anomalies in distant blazars: new data on the photon-ALP mixing

TL;DR

This study re-analyzes VHE blazar spectra to investigate potential redshift-dependent spectral anomalies that could suggest new physics in photon propagation, emphasizing the need for future observational data.

Contribution

It provides a revised spectral analysis of blazars considering gamma-ray absorption and explores possible redshift-dependent spectral anomalies related to photon-ALP mixing.

Findings

Some anti-correlations between spectral indices and redshift were observed.

Results suggest potential spectral anomalies affecting photon propagation models.

Further data are needed for conclusive evidence.

Abstract

We re-examine possible dependencies on redshift of the spectral parameters of blazars observed at very-high energies (VHEs) with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). This is relevant to assess potential effects with the source distance of the photon to axion-like particle (ALP) mixing, that would deeply affect the propagation of VHE photons across the Universe. We focus our spectral analysis on 38 BL Lac objects (32 high-peaked and 6 intermediate-peaked) up to redshift $z\simeq 0.5$, and a small sample of 5 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars up to $z=1$ treated independently to increase the redshift baseline. The 78 independent spectra of these sources are first of all carefully corrected for the gamma-gamma interaction with photons of the Extragalactic Background Light, that are responsible for the major redshift-dependent opacity effect. Then, the corrected spectra are fitted with simple power-laws to infer the intrinsic spectral indices $\Gamma_{\rm em}$ at VHE, to test the assumption that such spectral properties are set by the local rather than the global cosmological environment. We find some systematic anti-correlations with redshift of $\Gamma_{\rm em}$ that might indicate, although with low-significance, a spectral anomaly potentially requiring a revision of the photon propagation process. More conclusive tests with higher statistical significance will require the observational improvements offered by the forthcoming new generation of Cherenkov arrays (CTA, ASTRI, LHAASO).