The charm-quark contribution to light-by-light scattering in the muon $(g-2)$ from lattice QCD

TL;DR

This paper calculates the charm-quark contribution to the muon g-2 light-by-light scattering using lattice QCD, addressing cutoff effects and extrapolations to provide a precise estimate.

Contribution

First lattice QCD calculation of the charm-quark contribution to muon g-2 light-by-light scattering with systematic extrapolations and analysis.

Findings

Charm contribution estimated as (2.8 ± 0.5) × 10^{-11}

Results consistent with simple charm-quark loop estimates

Discovered small negative contribution from charm-light disconnected contraction

Abstract

We compute the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon $g-2$ from the charm quark using lattice QCD. The calculation is performed on ensembles generated with dynamical $(u,d,s)$ quarks at the SU(3)$_{\rm f}$ symmetric point with degenerate pion and kaon masses of around 415 MeV. It includes the connected charm contribution, as well as the leading disconnected Wick contraction, involving the correlation between a charm and a light-quark loop. Cutoff effects turn out to be sizeable, which leads us to use lighter-than-physical charm masses, to employ a broad range of lattice spacings reaching down to 0.039 fm and to perform a combined charm-mass and continuum extrapolation. We use the $\eta_c$ meson to define the physical charm-mass point and obtain a final value of $a_\mu^{\rm HLbL,c} = (2.8\pm 0.5) \times 10^{-11}$, whose uncertainty is dominated by the systematics of the extrapolation. Our result is consistent with the estimate based on a simple charm-quark loop, whilst being free of any perturbative scheme dependence on the charm mass. The mixed charm-light disconnected contraction contributes a small negative amount to the final value.