Robust electronic and tunable magnetic states in Sm$ _{2} $NiMnO$ _{6} $ ferromagnetic insulator

TL;DR

This study investigates how anti-site disorder influences the magnetic and electronic properties of Sm$_{2}$NiMnO$_{6}$ thin films, revealing tunable ferromagnetic insulating states with stable charge disproportion and complex hybridization effects.

Contribution

It demonstrates that ferromagnetic insulating states in Sm$_{2}$NiMnO$_{6}$ can be tuned by controlling anti-site disorder without disrupting the charge disproportionate insulating state.

Findings

Anti-site disorder affects magnetic and anisotropy behaviors.

Charge disproportion remains insensitive to disorder levels.

Electronic structure shows hybridization changes across the transition.

Abstract

Ferromagnetic insulators (FM-Is) are the materials of interest for new generation quantum electronic applications. Here, we have investigated the physical observables depicting FM-I ground states in epitaxial Sm$ _{2} $NiMnO$ _{6} $ (SNMO) double perovskite thin films fabricated under different conditions to realize different level of Ni/Mn anti-site disorders (ASDs). The presence of ASDs immensely influence the characteristic magnetic and anisotropy behaviors in SNMO system by introducing short scale antiferromagnetic interactions in predominant long range FM ordered host matrix. Charge disproportion between cation sites in form of $ Ni^{2+}+Mn^{4+} \longrightarrow Ni^{3+}+Mn^{3+} $, causes mixed valency in both Ni and Mn species, which is found insensitive to ASD concentrations. Temperature dependent photo emission, photo absorption measurements duly combined with cluster model configuration interaction simulations, suggest that the eigenstates of Ni and Mn cations can be satisfactorily described as a linear combination of the unscreened $ d^{n} $ and screened $ d^{n+1} \underline{L} $ ($ \underline{L} $: O 2\textit{p} hole) states. The electronic structure across the Fermi level (E$ _{F} $) exhibits closely spaced Ni $ 3d $, Mn $ 3d $ and O $ 2p $ states. From occupied and unoccupied bands, estimated values of the Coulomb repulsion energy ($ U $) and ligand to metal charge transfer energy ($ \Delta $), indicate charge transfer insulating nature, where remarkable modification in Ni/Mn $ 3d $ - O $ 2p $ hybridization takes place across the FM transition temperature. Existence of ASD broadens the Ni, Mn $ 3d $ spectral features, whereas spectral positions are found to be unaltered. Hereby, present work demonstrates SNMO thin film as a FM-I system, where FM state can be tuned by manipulating ASD in the crystal structure, while I state remains intact.