Islands in Generalized Dilaton Theories

TL;DR

This paper investigates the island formula in generalized dilaton gravity and higher-dimensional black holes, showing that islands form outside horizons at late times, resolving the information paradox.

Contribution

It provides a systematic analysis of island formation in generalized dilaton theories and higher-dimensional black holes, proving islands appear outside horizons late in Hawking radiation.

Findings

Islands always appear outside the horizon at late times.

Proper islands are identified in Liouville black holes.

The results resolve the black hole information paradox.

Abstract

In this work we systematically study the island formula in the general asymptotically flat eternal black holes in generalized dilaton gravity theories or in higher dimensional spherical black holes. Under some reasonable and mild assumptions we prove that the island always appears barely outside of the horizon in the late time of Hawking radiation so that the information paradox is resolved. In particular, we find proper island in Liouville black hole which solves the puzzle of arXiv:2105.03271.