Linear Battery Models for Power Systems Analysis

TL;DR

This paper reviews and compares five linear battery energy storage system models, including a new formulation, to evaluate their effectiveness in power system applications through extensive simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a new linear BESS model and provides a comprehensive comparison of five formulations for improved power system analysis.

Findings

Different models exhibit varying accuracy in simulations.

The new formulation offers advantages in certain scenarios.

Practical recommendations help select appropriate models for specific applications.

Abstract

Mathematical models are just models. The desire to describe battery energy storage system (BESS) operation using computationally tractable model formulations has motivated a long-standing discussion in both the scientific and industrial communities. Linear BESS models are the most widely used so far. However, finding suitable linear BESS models has been controversial. This paper focuses on the description of linear BESS models. Four linear BESS formulations are presented, among the most popularly used. A new formulation is also proposed. The 5 BESS models are tested in 100 random BESS and 1.450 random samples of daily profiles of renewable generation. Two classical problems of power systems, namely, the set-point tracking problem and the transmission expansion planning problem, are selected for numerical analysis. Five thousand simulations are used to draw a better interpretation of each linear formulation presented and showcase specific challenges of BESS models. Practical recommendations are provided based on the findings.