Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Contact Tracing Without User Intervention

TL;DR

This paper introduces a privacy-preserving Wi-Fi and Bluetooth contact tracing system that operates without user intervention, enabling seamless device tracking and precise positioning to improve public health responses.

Contribution

It presents a novel contact tracing approach that eliminates user actions, uses specially built routers, and employs neural networks for accurate device positioning.

Findings

Tracks devices within 1.0 m accuracy

Does not require user-installed apps or custom devices

Enables detection of indirect transmission routes

Abstract

Previous contact tracing systems required the users to perform many manual actions, such as installing smartphone applications, joining wireless networks, or carrying custom user devices. This increases the barrier to entry and lowers the user adoption rate. As a result, the contact tracing effectiveness is reduced. Unlike the systems above, we propose a new privacy preserving Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (BLE) contact tracing system that does not require smartphone applications, joining wireless networks, or custom user devices. Our specially built routers seamlessly track smartphones, laptops, smartwatches, BLE headphones, and tablets without any user action, but do not trace user identity. Mapping between devices and users is only carried out for confirmed cases and suspected contacts. Moreover, we can track the absolute positions of user devices within 1.0 m due to using bidirectional long short-term memory neural networks that are trained with data pre-collected by an autonomous robot. This allows public health authorities to track indirect droplet and surface transmissions that other contact tracing systems often overlook.