Tuning the coexistence regime of incomplete and tubular skyrmions in ferro/ferri/ferromagnetic trilayers

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how to tune material parameters in heterostructures to stabilize and control the coexistence of different skyrmion types at room temperature, advancing skyrmionic device development.

Contribution

It introduces a method to control the energy landscape of skyrmions in heterostructures by engineering layer geometries and material properties, enabling stabilization of multiple skyrmion types.

Findings

Adjusting ferromagnetic layer thickness influences skyrmion stability.

Coexistence of skyrmion types can be achieved through material tuning.

Skyrmion density and type are controllable via layer engineering.

Abstract

The development of skyrmionic devices requires a suitable tuning of material parameters in order to stabilize skyrmions and control their density. It has been demonstrated recently that different skyrmion types can be simultaneously stabilized at room temperature in heterostructures involving ferromagnets, ferrimagnets and heavy metals, offering a new platform of coding binary information in the type of skyrmion instead of the presence/absence of skyrmions. Here, we tune the energy landscape of the two skyrmion types in such heterostructures by engineering the geometrical and material parameters of the individual layers. We find that a fine adjustment of the ferromagnetic layer thickness and thus its magnetic anisotropy, allows the trilayer system to support either one of the skyrmion types or the coexistence of both and with varying densities.