Imaging stars with quantum error correction

TL;DR

This paper proposes a quantum error correction-based framework for astronomical imaging, enabling high-resolution imaging with quantum-enhanced noise protection at distant telescopes.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum error correction scheme for protecting and imaging starlight across large distances, surpassing classical limitations.

Findings

Quantum error correction can significantly protect astronomical signals.

Small codes provide notable noise resilience.

Large codes have specific noise thresholds for information preservation.

Abstract

The development of high-resolution, large-baseline optical interferometers would revolutionize astronomical imaging. However, classical techniques are hindered by physical limitations including loss, noise, and the fact that the received light is generally quantum in nature. We show how to overcome these issues using quantum communication techniques. We present a general framework for using quantum error correction codes for protecting and imaging starlight received at distant telescope sites. In our scheme, the quantum state of light is coherently captured into a non-radiative atomic state via Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage, which is then imprinted into a quantum error correction code. The code protects the signal during subsequent potentially noisy operations necessary to extract the image parameters. We show that even a small quantum error correction code can offer significant protection against noise. For large codes, we find noise thresholds below which the information can be preserved. Our scheme represents an application for near-term quantum devices that can increase imaging resolution beyond what is feasible using classical techniques.