Fault Detection and Localization in Active Distribution Networks using Optimally Placed Phasor Measurements Units

TL;DR

This paper presents an algorithm for fault detection and localization in active distribution networks using optimally placed Phasor Measurement Units, improving observability with fewer sensors and validated through simulations.

Contribution

It introduces an observability-based algorithm for fault detection and localization with optimal PMU placement in distribution networks.

Findings

Algorithm effectively detects and localizes faults.

Optimal PMU placement enhances observability and resolution.

Validated through simulations on a benchmark network.

Abstract

This paper introduces an algorithm able to detect and localize the occurrance of a fault in an Active Distribution Network, using the measurements collected by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). First, a basic algorithm that works under the assumption that all grid buses are equipped with a PMU is designed. Then, formal observability conditions that allow detection and localization with a reduced number of PMUs are provided. Based on these conditions, the algorithm is extended to perform correctly when not all network buses are monitored. Moreover, an Optimal Positioning Algorithm, always based on the observability conditions, is designed. This algorithm allows the user to customize the fault localization resolution. The approach is validated through simulations carried out on a benchmark active distribution network.