Chiral spin symmetry and the QCD phase diagram

TL;DR

This paper explores the emergence of chiral spin symmetries in QCD at high temperatures, their implications for the phase diagram, and potential experimental signatures like dilepton spectra.

Contribution

It demonstrates the presence of approximate chiral spin symmetries in lattice QCD simulations above the chiral crossover and proposes their extension into dense matter, linking to quarkyonic matter.

Findings

Chiral spin symmetries appear above the chiral crossover in lattice QCD.

Screening mass spectra support the breakdown of thermal perturbation theory at T_s.

Parity doubled baryons are potential candidates for chiral spin symmetric matter in dense regions.

Abstract

Lattice QCD simulations with chirally symmetric quarks have recently established approximate $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(2N_F)$ symmetries of the quantum effective action in a temperature range above the chiral crossover $T_\mathrm{ch}$, in which color-electric interactions between quarks dominate the dynamics. We show that such an intermediate temperature range between the chirally broken and plasma regimes is fully consistent with published screening mass spectra, which demonstrate the breakdown of thermal perturbation theory at the crossover between the partonic and the chiral spin symmetric regime at $T_s\sim (2-3)T_\mathrm{ch}$. From the known behavior of screening masses with baryon chemical potential, we deduce qualitatively how this chiral spin symmetric band extends into the QCD phase diagram. In the cold and dense region, we propose parity doubled baryons as possible candidates for chiral spin symmetric matter. This represents a special case of quarkyonic matter with confinement and restored chiral symmetry, and can smoothly transform to quark matter at sufficiently high densities. Finally, we discuss the potential of dilepton spectra to identify such matter forms.