Primary photons, boson star and phase transition

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential of detecting dark matter boson stars through primary photon fluctuations caused by phase transitions in a scale symmetry scalar sector, linking theoretical predictions with observable signals.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to identify boson star phase transitions via photon fluctuation analysis related to conformal anomaly effects.

Findings

Photon fluctuation rate increases sharply near phase transition.

Fluctuation in photon yield can serve as an observational signature.

Phase transition causes a significant rise in photon fluctuations at low energies.

Abstract

We analyse the possibility that the dark matter candidate is from the approximate scale symmetry theory of the hidden scalar sector. The study includes the warm dark matter scenario and the Bose-Einstein condensation which may lead to the scalar boson stars (BS) giving rise to direct detection through the observation of the primary (direct) photons. The dynamical system of the scalar particles, the dilatons, at finite temperature and chemical potential is considered. The fluctuation of the particle density increases sharply within the increasing of the temperature. When the phase transition approaches, the fluctuation of the particle density has the non-monotonous rising when the ground state of the relative chemical potential tends to the critical value equal to one accompanying by the infinite number of particles. Our results suggest that the phase transition in the BS may be identified through the fluctuation in yield of primary photons induced directly by the conformal anomaly. The fluctuation rate of the photons grows up intensively in the infra-red to become very large at the phase transition.