The skyrmion bags in an anisotropy gradient

TL;DR

This paper investigates the dynamics of skyrmion bags with arbitrary topological charge in an anisotropy gradient, revealing velocity behaviors and theoretical models that could enhance racetrack memory technologies.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical and numerical analysis of skyrmion bag dynamics in anisotropy gradients, including boundary effects and the application of the Thiele approach.

Findings

Skyrmion bag velocities depend on their topological charge without boundary potential.

All skyrmion bags have the same velocity when moving along the boundary.

Simulation results agree with analytical predictions within certain parameter ranges.

Abstract

Skyrmion bags as spin textures with arbitrary topological charge are expected to be the carriers in racetrack memory. Here, we theoretically and numerically investigated the dynamics of skyrmion bags in an anisotropy gradient. It is found that, without the boundary potential, the dynamics of skyrmion bags are dependent on the spin textures, and the velocity of skyrmionium with $Q = 0$ is faster than other skyrmion bags. However, when the skyrmion bags move along the boundary, the velocities of all skyrmion bags with different $Q$ are same. This can be attributed to the same value of $u/\eta_{xx}$, where the $u$ and $\eta_{xx}$ are the terms related to the magnetization distribution of skyrmion bag. In addition, we theoretically derived the dynamics of skyrmion bags in the two cases using the Thiele approach and discussed the scope of Thiele equation. Within a certain range, the simulation results are in good agreement with the analytically calculated results. Our findings provide an alternative way to manipulate the racetrack memory based on the skyrmion bags.