Benchmarking Apache Arrow Flight -- A wire-speed protocol for data transfer, querying and microservices

TL;DR

This paper benchmarks Apache Arrow Flight, a high-performance, platform-independent protocol for fast data transfer and querying in big data systems, demonstrating its scalability, throughput, and efficiency improvements over traditional protocols.

Contribution

It provides comprehensive benchmarking results of Arrow Flight's data transfer and querying capabilities, highlighting its high throughput and scalability advantages.

Findings

Achieves up to 6000 MB/s throughput for DoGet() operations.

Utilizes up to 95% of available network bandwidth on Mellanox interconnects.

Outperforms ODBC and turbodbc protocols by 20x and 30x in query systems.

Abstract

Moving structured data between different big data frameworks and/or data warehouses/storage systems often cause significant overhead. Most of the time more than 80\% of the total time spent in accessing data is elapsed in serialization/de-serialization step. Columnar data formats are gaining popularity in both analytics and transactional databases. Apache Arrow, a unified columnar in-memory data format promises to provide efficient data storage, access, manipulation and transport. In addition, with the introduction of the Arrow Flight communication capabilities, which is built on top of gRPC, Arrow enables high performance data transfer over TCP networks. Arrow Flight allows parallel Arrow RecordBatch transfer over networks in a platform and language-independent way, and offers high performance, parallelism and security based on open-source standards. In this paper, we bring together some recently implemented use cases of Arrow Flight with their benchmarking results. These use cases include bulk Arrow data transfer, querying subsystems and Flight as a microservice integration into different frameworks to show the throughput and scalability results of this protocol. We show that Flight is able to achieve up to 6000 MB/s and 4800 MB/s throughput for DoGet() and DoPut() operations respectively. On Mellanox ConnectX-3 or Connect-IB interconnect nodes Flight can utilize upto 95\% of the total available bandwidth. Flight is scalable and can use upto half of the available system cores efficiently for a bidirectional communication. For query systems like Dremio, Flight is order of magnitude faster than ODBC and turbodbc protocols. Arrow Flight based implementation on Dremio performs 20x and 30x better as compared to turbodbc and ODBC connections respectively.