Giant-cavity-based quantum sensors with enhanced performance

TL;DR

This paper introduces a giant-cavity-based quantum sensor leveraging multiple position-dependent couplings to significantly improve sensitivity and noise reduction compared to traditional sensors.

Contribution

It proposes a novel quantum sensor design using giant cavities with multiple couplings, enhancing performance and noise suppression over existing cavity-based sensors.

Findings

Output noise reduced to shot noise level, about ten times lower.

Signal-to-noise ratio per photon increased by about ten times.

Enhanced sensor performance due to inherent non-reciprocal cavity coupling.

Abstract

Recent progresses have revealed that quantum systems with multiple position-dependent couplings, e.g., giant atoms, can exhibit some unconventional phenomena, such as non-exponential decay etc. However, their potential applications are still open questions. In this paper, we propose a giant-cavity-based quantum sensor for the first time, whose performance can be greatly enhanced compared to traditional cavity-based sensors. In our proposal, two cavities couple to a dissipative reservoir at multiple points while they couple to a gain reservoir in a single-point way. To detecting a unknown parameter using this sensor, a waveguide is coupled to one of the cavities where detecting fields can pass through for homodyne detection. We find that multiple position-dependent couplings can induce an inherent non-reciprocal coupling between the cavities, which can enhance the performance of sensors. Output noise in our scheme can be reduced to the shot noise level, which is about one order magnitude lower than the results in Ref. [Nature Communications, 2018, 9, 4320.]. Besides, the signal-to-noise ratio per photon is also enhanced by about one order of magnitude. These results show that the multiple-point-coupling structure is beneficial to nowadays quantum devices.