The MURALES survey. VI. Properties and origin of the extended line emission structures in radio galaxies

TL;DR

This study uses deep optical integral field spectroscopy to analyze the properties and origins of extended emission line regions in radio galaxies, revealing their morphology, kinematics, and potential formation mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides detailed observations of EELRs in radio galaxies, highlighting their large-scale structures, orientations, and possible formation through gas-rich mergers and stable accretion.

Findings

Large-scale ionized gas extends up to 80 kpc in FRIIs.

EELRs often form elongated or filamentary structures.

Alignment and kinematics suggest formation via gaseous superdisks from mergers.

Abstract

This is the sixth paper presenting the results of the MUse RAdio Loud Emission line Snapshot survey (MURALES). We observed 37 radio sources from the 3C sample with z<0.3 and declination <20 degrees with the MUSE optical integral field spectrograph at the VLT. We here focus on the properties of the extended emission line regions (EELRs) that can be studied with unprecedented detail thanks to the depth of these observations. Line emission in the 10 FRIs is, in most cases, confined to within <4 kpc, while large-scale (>4 kpc) ionized gas is seen in all but two of the 26 FRIIs. It usually takes the form of elongated or filamentary structures, typically extending between 10 and 30 kpc, but also reaching distances of ~80 kpc. We find that 1) the large-scale ionized gas structures show a tendency to be oriented at large angles from the radio axis, and 2) the gas on a scale of a few kpc from the nucleus often shows ordered rotation with a kinematical axis forming a median angle of 65 degrees with the radio axis. We also discuss the velocity field and ionization properties of the EELRs. The observed emission line structures appear to be associated with gaseous "superdisks" formed after a gas rich merger. The different properties of the EELR can be explained with a combination of the source evolutionary state and the orientation of the "superdisk" with respect to the radio axis. The general alignment between the superdisks and radio axis might be produced by stable and coherent accretion maintained over long timescales.