Production and anisotropic flow of thermal photons in collision of $\alpha$-clustered carbon with heavy nuclei at relativistic energies

TL;DR

This study investigates how the alpha-clustered structure of carbon nuclei influences thermal photon production and flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, revealing significant effects on photon triangular flow and proposing flow ratios as probes of nuclear structure.

Contribution

It introduces a hydrodynamic analysis of photon flow in collisions involving alpha-clustered carbon, highlighting the impact of nuclear structure on electromagnetic observables.

Findings

Thermal photon v_3 is significantly larger in clustered carbon collisions.

Elliptic flow parameter shows minimal difference between clustered and unclustered cases.

Flow coefficient ratios can serve as probes for initial state and nuclear structure.

Abstract

The presence of $\alpha$-clustered structure in the light nuclei produces different exotic shapes in nuclear structure studies at low energies. Recent phenomenological studies suggest that collision of heavy nuclei with $\alpha$-clustered carbon ($^{12}$C) at relativistic energies can lead to large initial state anisotropies. This is expected to impact the final momentum anisotropies of the produced particles significantly. The emission of electromagnetic radiations is considered to be more sensitive to the initial state compared to hadronic observables and thus photon observables are expected to be affected by the initial clustered structure profoundly. In this work we estimate the production and anisotropic flow of photons from most-central collisions of triangular $\alpha$-clustered carbon and gold at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV using an event-by-event hydrodynamic framework and compare the results with those obtained from unclustered carbon and gold collisions. We show that the thermal photon $v_3$ for most central collisions is significantly large for the clustered case compared to the case with unclustered carbon, whereas the elliptic flow parameter does not show much difference for the two cases. In addition, the ratio of anisotropic flow coefficients is found to be a potential observable to constrain the initial state produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and also to know more about the $\alpha$-clustered structure in carbon nucleus.