Effect of nonfactorizable background geometry on thermodynamics of clustering of galaxies

TL;DR

This paper investigates how nonfactorizable background geometry influences galaxy clustering thermodynamics, deriving a partition function, thermodynamic equations, and analyzing the impact of modified Newton law on clustering behavior.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to include background geometry effects in galaxy clustering thermodynamics and examines the impact of modified gravity on clustering parameters.

Findings

Modified Newton law affects clustering parameter only

Thermodynamic equations of state are derived for galaxy systems

System symmetry breaking potential analyzed via specific heat behavior

Abstract

We study the effect of nonfactorizable background geometry on the thermodynamics of the clustering of galaxies. A canonical partition function is derived for the gravitating system of galaxies treated as point particles contained in cells of appropriate dimensions. Various thermodynamic equations of state, like Helmholtz free energy and entropy, among others, are also obtained. We also estimate the effect of the corrected Newton law on the distribution function of galaxies. Remarkably, the effect of the modified Newton law is seen only in the clustering parameter while the standard structure of the equations is preserved. A comparison of the modified clustering parameter with that of the original clustering parameter is made to visualize the effect of the correction on the time scale of clustering. The possibility of system symmetry breaking is also analyzed by investigating the behavior of the specific heat with increasing system temperature.