Frictional weakening induced by cohesion: the numerical case of cohesive granular failures

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to analyze how cohesion influences failure in granular materials, revealing a cohesion-dependent weakening mechanism and distinct failure stages.

Contribution

It introduces a new failure criterion based on grain displacement, identifies failure stages, and uncovers two regimes of frictional behavior related to cohesion strength.

Findings

Failure onset delays with increased cohesion

Failure duration shortens as cohesion increases

Two frictional regimes depending on cohesion strength

Abstract

The failure of 2D numerical cohesive granular steps collapsing under gravity are simulated for a large range of cohesion. Focussing on the cumulative displacement of the grains, and defining a displacement threshold, we establish a sensible criterion for capturing the failure characteristics. We are able to locate the failure in time and to identify the different stages of the destabilisation. We find that the onset of the failure is delayed by increasing cohesion, but its duration becomes shorter. Defining a narrow displacement interval, a well-defined shear band revealing the failure comes out. Solving the equilibrium of the failing block, we are able to make successful predictions for the dependance between failure angle and cohesion, thereby disclosing two distinct frictional behaviour: while friction remains constant at small cohesion, it significantly decreases with cohesive properties at larger cohesion. The results hence reveal two regimes for the behaviour of cohesive granular matter depending on cohesion strength, revealing a cohesion-induced weakening mechanism.