Vector Bessel beams: general classification and scattering simulations

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive classification of vector Bessel beams, introduces a theoretical framework for their properties, and develops simulation tools for scattering by particles, enhancing understanding and application in optics.

Contribution

It introduces a new general classification of vortex Bessel beams, a theoretical framework based on Hertz vector potentials, and an implementation in simulation software for scattering analysis.

Findings

Uncovered a novel beam type with circularly symmetric energy density.

Derived orthogonality relations between different Bessel beam types.

Enabled efficient scattering simulations using the ADDA code.

Abstract

Apart from a lot of fundamental interest, vector Bessel beams are widely used in optical manipulation, material processing, and imaging. However, the existing description of such beams remains fragmentary, especially when their scattering by small particles is considered. We propose a new general classification of all existing vortex Bessel beam types in an isotropic medium based on the superposition of transverse Hertz vector potentials. This theoretical framework contains duality and coordinate rotations as elementary matrix operations and naturally describes all relations between various beam types. This leads to various bases for Bessel beams and uncovers the novel beam type with circularly symmetric energy density. We also discuss quadratic functionals of the fields (such as the energy density and Poynting vector) and derive orthogonality relations between various beam types. Altogether, it provides a comprehensive reference of all properties of Bessel beams that may be relevant for applications. Next we generalize the formalism of the Mueller scattering matrices to arbitrary Bessel beams accounting for their vorticity. Finally, we implement these beams in the ADDA code - an open-source parallel implementation of the discrete dipole approximation. This enables easy and efficient simulation of Bessel-beams scattering by particles with arbitrary shape and internal structure.