The Role of the Neutrino Form Factors in the Energy Loss Rates of Pair Annihilation Process

TL;DR

This paper calculates stellar energy loss rates from neutrino pair production considering neutrino electromagnetic properties, highlighting the impact of charge radius and dipole moments within an extended Standard Model.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed calculation of neutrino electromagnetic effects on stellar energy loss rates, including charge radius and dipole moments, extending Standard Model predictions.

Findings

Neutrino charge radius significantly affects energy loss rates.

Dipole moment contribution is comparatively small.

Results differ from Standard Model predictions when electromagnetic properties are included.

Abstract

The stellar energy loss rates due to the production of the neutrino pair process $e^+e^- \rightarrow (W, Z, \gamma) \rightarrow \nu_e \bar{\nu_e}$ are calculated in the minimal extension of Standard Model with electromagnetic properties of Dirac neutrinos which takes the account of the contribution of the neutrino charge radius, anapole moment and dipole moments. We have shown that the contribution of the electron neutrino's dipole moment is small compared with that of the charge radius. The obtained results are also considered with results obtained using the Standard Model.