Direct Detection of Sub-GeV Dark Matter with $s>1$ through the DM-Electron Scattering (I): case study for $s=3/2$ and $s=2$ with (pseudo)scalar mediator

TL;DR

This paper explores the direct detection prospects of higher-spin dark matter particles, specifically spin-3/2 and spin-2, via DM-electron scattering mediated by (pseudo)scalar particles, using existing experimental data to constrain their properties.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of direct detection signals for higher-spin dark matter particles with scalar mediators, extending the understanding of DM-electron interactions beyond lower spins.

Findings

No significant signals to distinguish higher-spin DM from lower-spin DM with scalar mediators.

Constraints on DM mass and cross section derived from XENON data.

Higher-spin DM detection signatures are similar to those of lower-spin DM in this context.

Abstract

The observable signal of higher-spin particles is rare in current particle collider experiments. In the meantime, there have no evident constraints on the spin of the dark matter particles. And thereby it is natural to consider the possibility that the higher-spin particles behaves as dark matter. In this work, we investigate the direct detection of (spin-$3/2$) gravitino dark matter and (spin-$2$) massive KK-graviton dark matter respectively through the DM-electron scattering. Both the spin-independent (SI) and spin-independent (SD) interactions of DM are considered. Using the experiment datas of XENON10, XENON100 and XENON1T, we could give the restriction relation between the DM mass and cross section. For simplification, we only compute the corss section at leading order, while merely focus on the (pseudo)scalar mediators. Moreover, by evaluating and analyzing the form factor of DM, we uncover that if the mediator is scalar there have no significant signals to distinguish the DM with spin $3/2,2$ from the one with spin $0,1/2,1$.