Perturbative Calculations of Gravitational Form Factors at Large Momentum Transfer

TL;DR

This paper performs a perturbative QCD analysis of nucleon gravitational form factors at high momentum transfer, deriving factorization formulas, power behaviors, and numerical estimates for quark and gluon contributions.

Contribution

It introduces explicit factorization formulas for GFFs in terms of twist-3 and twist-4 distribution amplitudes and provides numerical results under model assumptions.

Findings

Derived explicit factorization formulas for GFFs.

Obtained power-law behaviors for GFFs at large momentum transfer.

Presented numerical estimates of quark and gluon contributions.

Abstract

We perform a perturbative QCD analysis of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of nucleon at large momentum transfer. We derive the explicit factorization formula of the GFFs in terms of twist-3 and twist-4 light-cone distribution amplitudes of nucleon. Power behaviors for these GFFs are obtained from the leading order calculations. Numeric results of the quark and gluon contributions to various GFFs are presented with model assumptions for the distribution amplitudes in the literature. We also present the perturbative calculations of the scalar form factor $\langle P'|F^2| P\rangle$ for pion and proton at large momentum transfer.