Planning Landscape Analysis for Self-Adaptive Systems

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the planning landscapes of self-adaptive systems to understand their structure and challenges, providing insights that can inform the design of more effective planners for diverse environments.

Contribution

It introduces methods to quantify and analyze planning landscapes of SASs across different environments, revealing key characteristics affecting planning effectiveness.

Findings

Planning landscapes often guide the planner effectively.

Ruggedness and multi-modality pose major obstacles.

Global/local optima overlap across environments.

Abstract

To assure performance on the fly, planning is arguably one of the most important steps for self-adaptive systems (SASs), especially when they are highly configurable with a daunting number of adaptation options. However, there has been little understanding of the planning landscape or ways by which it can be analyzed. This inevitably creates barriers to the design of better and tailored planners for SASs. In this paper, we showcase how the planning landscapes of SASs can be quantified and reasoned, particularly with respect to the different environments. By studying four diverse real-world SASs and 14 environments, we found that (1) the SAS planning landscapes often provide strong guidance to the planner, but their ruggedness and multi-modality can be the major obstacle; (2) the extents of guidance and number of global/local optima are sensitive to the changing environment, but not the ruggedness of the surface; (3) the local optima are often closer to the global optimum than other random points; and (4) there are considerable (and useful) overlaps on the global/local optima between landscapes under different environments. We then discuss the potential implications to the future work of planner designs for SASs.